Group+Six


 * __Wiki #2__**

**Introduction** An obstacle all women, most prominent in young women face when they decide to have sex, is the risk of becoming pregnant. When a women finds themselves pregnant, multiple actions will follow. First and foremost the women will decide whether to keep the baby or abort it. Then once they give birth to it, then they will decide to raise the baby or to give the baby up for adoption. For any decision a young women will make concerning pregnancy, there are centers they can go to for help in a crisis. Crisis Pregnancy Centers aim to provide women who find themselves unexpectedly pregnant with alternatives to abortion, provide support both spiritual and emotional, help with the decision making process. and sometimes provide financial support. In urban cities the centers are more prevalent and the resources are greater, and therefore more women are able to be helped. The problem is of greater concern in rural areas of the United States. For any crisis pregnancy center in a rural communities many challenges are faced and there are multiple practices for a center but only some are the best practices. In our research we are asked to find the best practices for a pregnancy centers in rural communities. The research and problem solving will be done using the perspective of social conflict.  __**Theory**__

One who views and understands society as a power struggle, is aware of economic issues, and observers the relationships between institutions would be deemed a social conflict theorist. Also if this person is a materialist, emphasizes the distribution of power and allocations of resources(class notes 2010), and considers who benefits and who suffers; would also be deemed a social conflict theorist. The social conflict theorist main founder Karl Marx, described the theory as “Individuals and groups (social classes) within society have differing amounts of material and non-material resources (the wealthy vs. the poor) and that the more powerful groups use their power in order to exploit groups with less power“(Witt and class notes 2010). Using sports as an example in the perspective of a social conflict theorist, they would see sports as a form of a big business in which profits are more important then the health and well-being of the athletes(Witt). Also that sports give people a brief time to tune the world out and not focus on personal and social problems(Witt). Another example would be that a factory owner who is selling a product for a certain price and will under pay his workers to make a bigger profit for himself at the expense of the workers. In looking through the eyes of the social conflict theory, one can apply this perspective to the determining the best practices for crisis pregnancy centers located in rural communities. In rural communities the resources are less abundant and the opportunity to gain control with power and resources happens more easily as well. Also being that the whole country is in a recession a majority of rural communities have been hit hard by the rough economic times, crisis pregnancy centers have been hit by the bad economy bug. Some centers have to shut down, lose some funding, and unable to help all the women that need it. Conversely the clients that use the centers have been effected by the economy as well. Some clients could feel too poor to go to a center, or too even think about having a baby, or forced to get a job and can not get the proper help that they need from the center. According to an interview the hardest problem with getting young women to seek the help they need is the lack of knowledge about the centers(interview 6). With lack of money for advertising and with less girls showing up it is hard for word of mouth to spread the mission of the center around the community. The best practices for a pregnancy center would be to work in sync with other organizations in the town, find alternatives to deal with the economy (counseling is free and easy), spread the word of the center and their mission, and make sure that the rural town supports the center, giving the center the power to run and operate their way efficiently.

Best and current practice is a tool used for institutions to find better and more efficient ways to solve their problems on a large or small scale. You can do this by formulating your question, researching that question, and then interviewing other institutions that you have found to use the method you would like to emulate. When performing your search on the internet be sure to make sure what you are searching for has the appropriate quotations and words. Useful media for finding these methods are online databases and online websites. Pregnancy centers had to use this technique when studying unintentional pregnancies and abortions. Increase in unintended pregnancies in the United States has led to an increasing amount of abortions. More than half of pregnancies that are unintended (54%) end with an abortion, and 27% percent of all pregnancies in general, end with an abortion. While comparing numbers of unintended pregnancies between different races, it has been discovered that the number of black women that have become impregnated unintentionally nearly triples the number of white women. It is because of this stat that black women have far more abortions than white women. Studies have shown that women with higher income are less likely to have an unintentional pregnancy ; the lower the income, the higher percentage of unplanned pregnancies. 80-90% of single mothers depend on welfare to live. According to “PRO-LIFE DILEMMA: Pregnancy Centers and the Welfare Trap ,” adoption is a good idea because parents who live on welfare cannot provide their child with a decent childhood and most women feel that giving their child up for adoption is being a bad mother.
 * Literature Review**


 * Method**

We were shown the proper way too correctly research a topic in the article “Conducting Best and Current Practices Research: A Starter Kit” by Ophelia Eglene. First we have to formulate the question and specifically determine our goal and what we want to achieve. Next we research our question. This is the most crucial part because we have to find the other ways that people have solved our problem. The best way to find information that will lead you to your answer is through the internet. The last step is an interview that is in depth with a person or group of people. Once you have found the specific institution you are going to model your goal after you have to interview that institution to figure out what worked and what could have been better. When doing the research for this topic the first step was done for us. The question is what are the best practices for crisis pregnancy centers in rural areas. The second step was reading the articles and interviews from other groups. The last time every group in the class did. Each group was given a pregnancy center in a rural town in the mid-west with a given set of question that would assist in the answering the research question. The interviews were analyzed and the data from the articles were interpreted and formulated to answer the research question. Analyzing the data from the social conflict perspective and determining the best practices for the centers, we are looking at the allocation of resources and power in rural communities, and how the economy has affected the crisis pregnancy centers.

Once the information about the process of determining the best practices and conducting research through the social conflict theory had been learned, we are able to come to the conclusion for the practices of rural crisis pregnancy centers. In the articles read, the research collected, and the interviews completed, one of the issues that was brought about was the lack of finances to those women who choose life for their unborn children. From the social conflict perspective the lack of funds is most likely due to the fact that the money is being spent and used on other institutions other then the pregnancy centers. Then the centers have to come up with new ways to get the money. Fundraisers and volunteers are tremendous help to the centers because they are very cheap and the benefits are significant. With the money and the workers they well be able to help the women that need it and increase the efficiently of the center. Advertising is a crucial way for the centers to succeed. Get the information out by way of newspapers, fliers, and media is a important part in the life of the center(Interview 6). When the best practices are installed and the crisis pregnancy centers are starting to succeed rather than fail, then the clients that are helped will be able to spread the word around the community. With the help of the fundraisers, volunteering, advertising, and other contributions, the amount of clients that can be helped will also increase. When the clients are finished they well be able to tell the experience and the mission of the center and more women will soon follow and the center will flourish. Once the center is up and running successfully making significant contributions to society, then the hard work has paid off, and most importantly the young women are being helped.
 * Results:**



__**Addendum**__

“Conducting Best and Current Practices Research: A Starter Kit” by Ophelia Eglene. Center for Technology in Government. Annotated by Aaron Kranz and Josh Burgoon.

Best and current practices are used to help other institutions with problems that have already been faced and solved by others. This concept is use to better solve problems efficiently and less expensively. This concept is also use to determine what will work and what won’t work for an institution. After determining the best solution to a means you would then find a more efficient way to come to that goal. The best way to do this is by following these simple steps. Step 1: Formulate the question. You have to specifically determine your goal and what you want to achieve. Step 2: Research your question. This is the most crucial part because you have to find the other ways that people have solved your problem. The best way to find information that will lead you to your answer is through the internet. Step 3: Interview people. Once you have found the specific institution you are going to model your goal after you have to interview that institution to figure out what worked and what could have been better. When conducting your research it is best to have an efficient search that is deciive and gets to the heart of what you are searching for. Using quotation marks, capitalizing the word “and”, searching subjects with different synonyms, and use the star sign (*) are various ways to make a search more effective. When part of the research requires a literary search, the most common way to sift through all the literature out there are using an online database. Online databases like Ebsco, JSTOR, PAIS, and various others contain full text articles, journals, books, and libraries over any and all subject matter. Also some websites are good because the often cite there source and are useful in research papers. Never the less when one is confronted with a problem the most efficient way to solve it is using the best practices.

“Unintended Pregnancy in the United States” By Stanley K. Henshaw. Family Planning Perspectives. Volume 30, Number 1, January/February 1998 Annotated bibliography Article two by Andrew and Dylan

Unintended pregnancy has become an epidemic in America and it usually results in abortion or unplanned pregnancy. National Surveys of Family Growth (NSFG) estimated that 57 percent of births in 1987 were unintended. NSGF also states that 46% of women will have at least one abortion by the age of 45 and 10 percent of women that have had an unintended birth have also had an abortion. NSGF defines births as unplanned if the woman has been practicing contraception when she became pregnant. The survey assumes that all pregnancies ending in abortion are unwanted. Although there were some cases of abortions that started off with a wanted pregnancy but ended up with an abortion due to loss of her partner of lack of support. The Alan Guttmacher Institu conducts surveys periodically to determine the amount of abortions performed nationally. Miscarriages are not counted in the number of pregnancies and pregnancy rates. In 1994, there were 4 million births and 1.5 million abortions. Most of these pregnancies are from the ages of 20 to 29. As of 1994 in the United States alone 27% of all pregnancies resulted in an abortion, and 54% of pregnancies that were unintended resulted in an abortion. This is a problem, for it shows the irresponsibility of Americans when it comes to this subject. However, according to the reading, 53% of the women who had reported unintended pregnancies claim to have used some type of contraceptive during the month of the pregnancy. This stat alone shows how unreliable contraceptives are. Society is not aware of this statistic but should be, for if every individual knew this statistic then more than likely they would have thought twice about engaging in sexual relations with another individual. 58% of the contraceptive users that were impregnated ended up having an abortion, compared to the non-contraceptive users in which 49% ended in abortion. When comparing rates of unintended pregnancies between different age groups studies have found out that the age group that has the highest percentage is eighteen year olds and lower with 82-83% of pregnancies being unintended. Following adolescents is women forty years and older with 51%. The age group with the lowest percentage of unintended pregnancies is women aging 30-34 with 33%. Women that are 30-34 years old have more planned pregnancies because by that age people are more likely to be settled in with their spouse with a steady job that can support a kid and are ready to conceive a child. Rarely does an adolescent possess the responsibility to support a child. In fact, a mere 1% of pregnancies with children aging from 15-17 years old are planned. When comparing rates of women with high income to women in poverty there was just a slight difference in unplanned pregnancies, with the higher rates coming from women in poverty. Women with low income were also slightly more likely to end an unintended pregnancy with an abortion. In correlation, as the income of the woman went up the rate of pregnancies in general declined, creating a negative correlation. When comparing rates between black women and white women, the results are comparable to those of women with high income to women in poverty, with white women being the variable of women with a high income. According to the reading, studies show that black women have a higher pregnancy rate than white women. This could be due to the fact that the number of unplanned pregnancies of black women nearly triples the number of unplanned pregnancies of white women. In 1994 a survey was conducted of women between the ages of 15-44 and 48% of the women had an unintended pregnancy, 28% admitted to having an unplanned birth, and 30% of the women said that they had an abortion. The percentage of unintended pregnancies increased with age creating a bell curve with the peak of the bell at 60% which consisted of women that were 35-39 years old. The category of women that are statistically the least likely to have an abortion would be white women that are married, around 30-34 years old, and have a high income. Women with the highest percentage of unintended pregnancies are black women with a low income that are between the ages of 15-17. The characteristics of women that have the highest percentage of unplanned births are the same as the women who have the highest percentage of unintended pregnancies, black women with low income that are between the ages of 15-17. Black women fall under every category as a result of having more pregnancies than any other race of women.

Mathewes-Green, Frederica. "PRO-LIFE DILEMA: Pregnancy Centers and the Welfare Trap." //Policy Review// (1996): n. pag. Web. 24 Feb 2010
 * Article three** annotated bibliography by Sarah Mies

· What happens to single mothers once they have their child? · Why is adoption such a good idea but not chosen as often? · How can the attitude concerning adoption be changed? This article begins with stepping into the shoes of a teen who has just found out she is pregnant. She decides not to get an abortion and keep her son. Pride fills the air with all of the employees of the Hope Pregnant Center seeing mother any child but what happens now? Most of these single mothers (80-90%) depend on welfare to live. They constantly need the support of the government and the people around them and “the eventual outcomes for many of the children born into such households: poverty, low academic achievement, susceptibility to crime.” (Frederica Mathewes-Green, 1996). For the longest time pro life centers have been focusing the bottom line of keeping the unborn child alive but when looking at the shocking percentages of how many new, single, mothers depend on welfare (that cannot supply support to all of those who need it) the thought comes to mind: “Is there anything else we can do?” Although adoption is one of the options, very few women decide to give their kids up for adoption which in the cases of those who aren’t financially well off would be the best option. It shouldn’t be just about saving an unborn child, it should be giving this child a chance to live a successful life. This article emphasizes how adoption can become a more influential option to those who seek life for their child. It’s not that easy though. The discussion of adoption has been a sore spot for crisis pregnancy centers because of the lawsuits that can come about; some women have sued the pregnancy centers because they were coerced. “When counselors see only two alternatives, aborting the child or giving it life, they may try to tip the scale toward life by awakening the maternal instinct.” (Frederica Mathewes-Green, 1996).While this may be a great way to help the mother choose life it also makes the mother feel more obligated to raise her child when adoption would be the better choice. The group Loving and Caring tries to bring adoption to the table by changing the mind-set of the mother. Most women feel that if the give their child up for adoption they are being a bad mother and abandoning their child; when they should be thinking about giving their child a family and a life they couldn’t have otherwise. The research found showed a big influence on how society and the media influence the mindset’s and decisions the women have made/in the process of making. This applies to the article in the way that many women have a certain mindset when it comes to adoption. Also, that there needs to be a way to break down the mentality on adoption and educate these women about all of the options equally so they can make an informed decision.
 * Main Questions:**
 * Main findings:**
 * How it applies to our research:**


 * __Introduction: __**

A growing problem that is sometimes overlooked and is now an epidemic is obesity. Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat as accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced expectancy of life and increased health problems. Obesity rates in the United states among adults and children has doubled and tripled respectively in the last thirty years (CDC). With obesity being the second leading preventable cause of death next to smoking(Obesity epidemic in US), there is a reason why it is such a big issue in the United States. Being that it is a problem all over the country, it is a problem in many towns and cities like Atchison, KS. Atchison is a city in northeastern Kansas that borders the Missouri River and has a population of around 10,000. Obesity in Atchison has become an issue with all the poor eating habits and lack of physical activity. For this research project we are given the problem: How can Atchison, KS address its growing obesity epidemic? We are given a perspective on how this problem came to be and are asked to come up with ideas on how to slow down or put an end to this epidemic. Our given perspective is symbolic interactionism.

**__Theory: __**  Using the perspective of symbolic interactionism, and applying it to the epidemic of obesity, you have to examine several factors. These factors include: how symbols affect what, where, why, and how we eat, how symbols affect exercise, symbols that the media put on society, and the symbols that we put on ourselves. When choosing what kind of food or how much of something, there are always symbols associated with it. Is if full or carbs, full of protein, low fat, good for you, bad for you, one hundred percent organic, or deep fried fast food. Various foods are associated symbolically different with different people. For example look as food from McDonalds. Middle aged people see it as the worst thing you can eat, teenagers see at as something quick that taste good, children see it as a special occasion because a toy usually comes along with there meal, and lower class people see it as cheap food that they can put on the table. So to different people McDonalds has a different symbolic meaning behind it and the same is true for all kinds of food it is how people are who they are. Never the less the symbolicness plays a key role in the eating habits of Americans which correlates to the weight of Americans. The way we as Americans stay fit or become fit has symbols behind it as well. Whether you are on a team, wanting to join a team, member or a gym, wanting to become a member, or don’t do anything there is a symbolic reason behind your decision, and your level of fitness is affected. If you are apart of a sports team or are joining its probably because you like the sport and want to compete, not to get in shape. That is just a result. Same for being the member of a gym its because you like exercising and staying in shape, or you are unhappy with your appearance. Regardless there is a reason for a decision. If you don’t exercise then you have your own reasons as well. The symbol of exercise, gyms, sports, and doing nothing, has different connotations to different people but most of America has a huge infatuation with appearance and exercise is a big factor which can be a major praventer of obesity. Also the costs of all of this puts a lot of pressure on people because they cannot afford a gym or to put there child in sports, which in turn will have a negative effect on ones health. The symbols the media the puts on society has an affect on the obesity in America. The constant commercials for food that is over portioned, has multiple chemicals, and high level of fat content is being advertised to Americans daily. Also usually on TV, in magazines, and in movies the people are models and that can put pressure and cause negative affects on peoples thoughts because they will never look like that and they eat there pain away. With all these factors in mind all our choices in life that relate directly to our eating and exercising have a greater significance to the choice which in turn has an affect on whether most Americans are obese or not. So to say that symbols affect the human diet and level of fitness is a justifiable accusation.

** Literature Review: ** ===In the last thirty years research has shown that obesity has become an epidemic. The rates of obesity have double since the 1970’s says the article “The obesity in the US….a systematic review". Which is a major concern among Americans considering the death rates from obesity has increased and the increase in health care for obesity has increased as well ( CDC). The food we choose to eat and how much of it is a concern among Americans. When the price of healthy food went up, only the wealthy could afford to eat healthy. Economics first law of demand implies that a decrease in the price of food will cause consumption to increase” (Finkelstein 244). The price of healthy foods went up so much that they never were purchased by the consumer, therefore, they stopped making many of them. With the more healthy food available and at a cheaper costs would make it more possible to eat healthy. There is obesity in this country because we are obsessed with eating large amounts of unhealthy food, lack of commitment to exercise, and the unwillingness to commit to a healthy lifestyle (CDC). Programs are being planned in individual states to make awareness about this problem to the youth as well as adults (CDC). The best way to prevent this epidemic is to get all the facts out, like in these articles, and create opportunities to help slow this problem down and hope people make the change in their life. === <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">

===<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**__Hypothesis:__** The way food and exercise is symbolized by the general public in Atchison has a direct correlation with obesity and therefore the general health of the city. The independent variable would be how the people of Atchison view food and exercise, and the dependent variable would be the overall health of the city and the people as individuals. In order to perform this experiment and collect this information several things could happen to test this theory. We could open up a free gym for a month and see the number of members that attended, close all the fast foods restaurants for a time period, not show commercials of unhealthy food, lower the cost of healthy and organic food, observe people based on their economic status and see what they and if they exercise, and implement different programs that increase fitness and promote healthy eating in schools. There are numerous ways of collecting data for this but any of the ways listed we would have to employ the idea for research and collect the data. ===
 * __Methods__**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> Annotated Bibliography Article one Andrew and Dylan ** Finklestein, Eric A, Christohper J. Ruhm, and Katherine M. Kosa. “Economic Causes and consequences of Obesity. Annual Review of Public Health.” (2005) ** ===<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Pages 1 through 11 are about the main causes of obesity in the United States. Three of the main causes of obesity are Increase of healthy food prices and decrease of unhealthy, packaged foods, the change in technology, and reductions in energy expenditure. When the price of healthy food went up, only the wealthy could afford to eat healthily. “Economics first law of demand implies that a decrease in the price of food will cause consumption to increase” (Finkelstein 244). The price of healthy foods went up so much that they **neve**r were pu**rcha**sed by the consumer, therefore, they stopped making as many of them. Technology has affected the obesity of Americans drastically as well. Fast food restaurants all have drive through windows and it makes getting food easy and convenient for people. Healthy places to eat all take a longer time to prepare the food than fast food so they are unable to have drive through’s. Energy expenditure is another reason that America is obese. When factories and businesses all got machines that did a man’s work twice as fast and just as good, people started getting lazy and not doing as much physical activity as they used to. “…the portion of homes with washing machines and dishwashers rose from 55%to 77%and from 7%to 43%, respectively, between 1960 and 1979, but only slightly further to 79% and 54%, respectively, by 2001” (Finkelstein 241). Pages 11-22 are about the effects of obesity on the amount of income an idividual makes. According to “Pagan & Davila (52) the average obese woman are found far more in low-paying jobs than in high paying jobs. (Haskins & Ransford (36)) took information from an aerospace industry employer and found out that 65% of normal-weight women are in high-paying jobs compared to the mere 39% of overweight women. (Sarlio- Lahteenkorva et al 64) reports that obese women are 2.5 times more likely to be unemployed for an extended period of time than normal-weight women. After eight studies were done using information from NLSY they were still unable to figure out the effects of weight on wages. However, (Gortmaker et al 28)focused on obesity furing adolescence and found out that female adolescents that are obese have a 22% lower income than normal weighted woman seven years following adolescence. These results may vary according to race. According to studies done by (Averett & Korenman 4 ===

===<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">When (Averett & Korenman 3) studied the effects of obese adolescents seven years later they found that men who were obese have 9% lower income than normal-weight males. ===

===<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The Reading suggests that technology may play a major role in obesity. Advancements allow us to do the same amount of work with less effort. Obesity is responsible for causing total annual medical ezpenditures to total $139 billion per year. Many people who have maintained a healthy lifestyle in the past find it hard to stay healthy in today’s society. In today’s society it is cheaper to lead a non-healthy lifestyle due to time, money, and opportunity costs. The reading talks about one of the factors of obesity is lack of self control. People want to live healthier but actually fail to follow through. Americans spend on average more than $40 million a year on diet foods. One suggestion on fighting obesity is limiting food portions. ===

Josh Burgoon and Aaron Kranz annotated bibiolography of article two “**The obesity epidemic in the U.S : Gender, age, socioeconomic, racial/ethnic, geographic character: A systematic review and meta research analysis”.**

===<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">,The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) provide comparative descriptions of the current situation of obesity based on gender, age, socioeconomic status, and race. These surveys are self-reported surveys and are often biased. This skews the numbers up to 9.5%. The World Health Organization defines “obesity” as the condition of excess body fat to the extent that health is impaired. There are ways of determining obesity such as BMI or body mass indication as well as waist circumference. In some surveys of men and women 20 years old and older approximately 66.3% were determined to be overweight or obese. In a survey of people 60 years and older approximately more than 70% were considered overweight or obese. Overall there are more overweight or obese men than there are women. All of the predominant races were surveyed to compare obesity rates. Asians were determined to be the least obese of any race. Asian Americans are half as likely to be overweight or obese. A cross test was done that determined that an Asian who was born in the United States was 5 times as likely to be overweight or obese than an Asian who was foreign born. Association between Social Economic Status or SES and obesity varied among races and gender. SES effects obesity in body image, life style, and social and physical environments. If someone has less than a high school education then obesity is more prevalent. Among African American men, obesity increased at a faster rate for the mid to high SES groups than the low. We also see obesity become more of a problem for certain regions. For example the south has the highest prevalence of obesity in the United States. ===

===<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Between 1971-1974 and 1999-2002 on average U.S. children and adolescents BMI increased by 1.4 and 2 points for boys and girls. What this statement says that over the last thirty years young people in the U.S. have become more and more over weight, and the risk of them becoming overweight has increased 30%. There are also considerable racial/ethnic disparities in obesity among the U.S. Between races Asians are the least obese followed by Hispanics, whites, blacks, and native Americans. Studies have shown that in the last thirty years that between blacks, Asians, and whites on average the obesity rates have doubled from 15% to 30%. In general, Mexicans are more obese then blacks who are more obese then whites. People with a higher SES had lower BMI then those who are lower in SES because of their financial situation. Black women have the worst obesity problem in the country. In the next five years 86% of black women are going to be overweight. ===

===<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Where people live also can be a factor in the weight of a person. There is only a slight difference between urban and rural settings. In urban settings young people are more likely to be overweight and in rural settings older people are more likely to be overweight. The US in general is an obesagenic society which means we are supposed to take in lots of energy and put out low amounts of energy. One reason why this is a problem is because portion and composition of the food is out of control. People are going to supermarkets over grocery stores, gyms are too expensive, and schools need to help more. The problem of obesity is not just localized to one race or group of people but it’s a problem for the whole country. It is an epidemic that with planning and prevention and be stopped. ===

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Aaron Kranz annotated bibliography of article number three: **Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2009**. “Obesity: halting the epidemic by making healthy eating easier“.

1. The main problem 2. How to solve the problem 3. How this relates to the research.

1. In the last thirty years in the United states there has been a huge increase in obesity in both adults and children, so much that it has been declared an epidemic. Between adults and children the rates of obesity have double and tripled in the last thirty years respectively(33% for adults and 16% for children). From this dramatic increase in obesity, new alarming health problems are rising, especially in children and therefore health care costs have spiked.

2. The Center for Disease Control or CDC, is developing new programs for the United states as a whole, as well as different programs for different states to reduce obesity and its problems. To solve the obesity problem the CDC is trying to encourage physical activity and healthy eating habits. Also the CDC is providing technological and leadership assistance to states to develop detailed plans, by identifying problems and stopping them. The CDC has seen that there plan has been working with no significant increase in obesity in the last eight years. With the partnership of multiple organizations and programs, the CDC will continue to fight obesity especially in children, until the problem subsides and this country is healthy again.

3. This article has direct correlation with the research we are doing. In trying to identify the problems with obesity in the United states and finding solutions for them, we can take what the CDC did for the U.S. and apply that to trying to solve the obesity problem in Atchison, KS. Atchison, like most other cities has an overweight problem among its inhabitants and it needs to be addressed. A solution needs to be developed that is feasible for the city of Atchison to implement into the people so obesity will be stopped.

Sarah Mies' annotated bibliography on article four**: Laura Kettle Khan et al. Recommended Community Strategies and Measures to Prevent Obesity in the United States. 2009. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report** 58: RR-7

** The Main Question: ** How can environments/communities change towards promote a healthy lifestyle and what strategies and plans can help prevent obesity?

** Findings: **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">1. “Strategies to promote the availability of affordable healthy food and beverages”
===<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">a. In this section all of the strategies suggested that more amounts of healthy foods and beverages should be available to the public. Meaning more healthy choices in school cafeterias, more affordable healthy foods, more supermarkets in underserved communities and the encouragement of local farms. ===

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">2. “Strategies to support healthy food and beverage choices”
===<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">a. This section focuses on restricting the availability of less healthy food and beverages, smaller portions of meals, limitations on unhealthy advertisements that are focused on children and teen audiences, and discouraging children and teens to reduce their sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. ===

===<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">a. This section talks about how physical education, an increase of activity in PE programs, the ability to workout in safe, easy, and accessible areas, and reducing television watching in public areas (such as day cares) is important to obesity prevention ===

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">** How it Relates: **
===<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">This article relates to preventing obesity in Atchison because the article is directed towards preventing obesity in communities. All of the strategies in this reading could prove useful to reducing obesity in Atchison. ===

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